材料蠕变极限是金属材料在高温长时载荷作用下的塑性变形抗力指标,是高温材料及部件主要依据之一。蠕变极限强度表示方法有两种,一种是在规定温度下,使试样在规定时间内产生规定稳态蠕变速率的最大应力;另一种是在规定温度和时间下,使试样在规定时间内产生规定蠕变伸长率的最大应力。
金属的蠕变是在应力不变的条件下,构件不断产生塑性变形的过程。材料的蠕变性能常采用蠕变极限、持久强度、松弛稳定性等力学指标。蠕变变形失效是一种塑性变形失效,但蠕变失效不一定是过载,只是载荷大时,蠕变变形失效的时间短,jnshiyanji.net;恒速蠕变阶段蠕变速度大。高温下不仅有蠕变变形引起的的构件外部尺寸的变化,还有金属内部组织结构的变化,导致高温力学性能下降、构件承载能力降、蠕变速度加快、失效加快。压力容器的蠕变变形量一般规定在105h为1%,即蠕变速率为10-7mm/(mm·h)。
恒瑞金蠕变持久试验机完成各种金属及非金属材料、合金复合材料在指定温度下、高温环境下的拉伸蠕变、压缩蠕变、低周蠕变疲劳、蠕变伸长、蠕变伸长率、蠕变断裂时间、持久强度性能测试及研究。
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