金属材料断裂失效按负荷及应力产生的原因分为疲劳断裂和环境断裂。疲劳断裂是指由于在局部应力集中或强度较低部位首先产生裂纹,裂纹随后扩展导致的断裂。环境因素(气相液相腐蚀或氢)引起形变断裂导致应力脆断,这种破坏失效的现象统称为环境断裂。环境断裂分为应力腐蚀开裂、氢脆或氢致开裂和腐蚀疲劳断裂三种。
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